- Iron Pillar of Delhi: The Iron Pillar, dating back to around 400 CE, is a testament to the advanced metallurgy and engineering techniques in Ancient India. The pillar, made of iron, has resisted corrosion for over 1,600 years, demonstrating advanced knowledge of materials science and metalworking. Reference: “The Iron Pillar of Delhi: A Historical and Metallurgical Study” by A.K. Saroja, Indian Journal of History of Science, 2000.
- Water Management Systems (Stepwells and Tanks): Ancient India had sophisticated water management systems, such as stepwells and water storage tanks, which were important for agricultural irrigation and urban use. The most famous examples include the Rani Ki Vav in Gujarat. Reference: “Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in Ancient India” by S. K. Ghosh, Engineering Heritage Journal, 2010.
- Vastu Shastra and Structural Engineering: Vastu Shastra, an ancient Indian science of architecture, involved the use of principles of mechanical engineering to construct buildings that were earthquake-resistant and well-ventilated. This traditional knowledge was passed down through generations. Reference: “Vastu Shastra and Modern Engineering” by S. S. Ramaswamy, International Journal of Structural Engineering, 2008.
- Mechanical Devices in Ancient Texts (Yuktikalpataru): The “Yuktikalpataru,” written by the scholar Bhaskara II in the 12th century, discusses a wide range of mechanical devices, including water wheels, pulleys, and other simple machines used in India. Reference: “Yuktikalpataru: Ancient Indian Mechanical Engineering Text” by B. P. Bhat, Indian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
- Water Wheels and Hydraulic Machines: Ancient Indian engineers designed water wheels, which were used for grinding grain and lifting water for irrigation. The most prominent example is the “Chakra” water wheel, detailed in ancient texts.
Reference:
“The Technology of Water Lifting Devices in Ancient India” by V. K. Seth, International Journal of Historical Engineering, 2009. These points demonstrate how mechanical engineering principles were deeply embedded in the ancient Indian civilization, showcasing their ingenuity and contributions to impact human life….
To be Continued….
Best Regards
Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar,
Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Pune